“This is the account of Noah’s sons.” This sentence introduces the account of Noah’s descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.
"Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands"
"their homelands." These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
"Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages"
Mizraim is the Hebrew name for "Egypt."
Possible meanings are 1) "mighty warrior" or 2) "mighty man" or 3) "powerful ruler."
Possible meanings are 1) "in Yahweh's sight" or 2) "with Yahweh's help"
"This is the reason people say"
Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities.
"Nimrod went into Assyria"
Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt.
These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.
line between one person's land and another person's land
"from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar"
"then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha"
The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses Genesis 6-19.
"broken up according to their different languages"
"in their homelands"
Arphaxad was one of Shem's sons.
Translators may add a footnote note that says: "The name Peleg means 'division.'"
"the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another" or "God divided the people of the earth"
Joktan was one of Eber's sons.
"These" here refers to the sons of Joktan.
"The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in"
The word "these" refers to the descendants of Shem
This refers back to all the people listed in Genesis 10:1-31.
"listed by"
"From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth" or "These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth"
"after the flood destroyed the earth"